Microservices architecture employs various patterns to address different aspects of building and maintaining distributed systems.
Here are some key patterns:
Service Discovery:
Microservices often need to discover and communicate with other services. A service registry, like Netflix Eureka or HashiCorp Consul, provides a way to register and discover services dynamically.
Observability:
Observability in Micro services is crucial for monitoring and troubleshooting. Distributed tracing tools, such as Jaeger or Zipkin, allow you to trace requests across multiple services to identify bottlenecks and issue
Configuration:
Microservices should have their configuration externalized, enabling easy updates and consistency across services. Tools like Spring Cloud Config or HashiCorp Vault help manage configurations.
Database:
Each microservice could have its database to maintain data autonomy and scalability but in some cases, shared databases are also required
API Gateway:
The API Gateway acts as a single entry point for clients, handling tasks like routing, authentication, request/response transformation, and load balancing. Examples include Nginx, Kong, or AWS API Gateway.
Load Balancing:
Microservices use load balancing to distribute requests across multiple instances of a service.
Circuit Breaker:
To handle failures gracefully, microservices use circuit breakers like Netflix Hystrix. They prevent repeated requests to a failing service, thus improving overall system reliability.
Communication:
Communication is required via Sync and Async methods, rest,graphql,soap use Sync while message brokers help in establishing async communication
Security:
Secure microservices with OAuth2 for authentication and JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for authorization and secure communication via SSL and appropriate encryption
Saga Pattern:
For managing distributed transactions
These are some of the common patterns that help address various challenges and requirements when designing, building, and operating microservices architectures.
